Selected Posts on Anti-Relativity - 物理の勉強掲示板
Selected Posts on Anti-Relativity
0nakayama
2023/02/18 09:14 5563view
Michelson-Morley Experiment
It (done in air) is nonsense. In air, light is propagated at c/n. So, the result of M-M experiment (done in air) is only natural.
In a book "Theory of Relativity" by Pauli, W 1958, it's written as follows (quoted from English version ; in 1-6). "Rather should one say that for an observer moving with medium, light is propagated as usual with velocity c/n in all directions".
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54中山 2023/06/24 12:24
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things (additional)
In light of the followings, inertial force and gravity will not be equivalent.
◎ Inertial force: It is emerged in an accelerated motion (of a mass point) in space.
◎ Gravity: It does not emerge in an accelerated motion (of a mass point) in space.
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2023/06/24 12:24
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things (additional)
In light of the followings, inertial force and gravity will not be equivalent.
◎ Inertial force: It is emerged in an accelerated motion (of a mass point) in space.
◎ Gravity: It does not emerge in an accelerated motion (of a mass point) in space.
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53中山 2023/06/22 15:18
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things (additional)
It is argued that inertial force and gravity are equivalent. However, in light of the followings, the two will not be equivalent. Even if vectors as action cancel each other out, vectors as existence do not disappear. Qualitatively, quantitatively. These are composition and decomposition of forces.
◎ Inertial force corresponds to accelerated motion of a mass point in homogeneous isotropic space.
◎ Gravity corresponds to position of a mass potint in space modified by gravitational fields.
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2023/06/22 15:18
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things (additional)
It is argued that inertial force and gravity are equivalent. However, in light of the followings, the two will not be equivalent. Even if vectors as action cancel each other out, vectors as existence do not disappear. Qualitatively, quantitatively. These are composition and decomposition of forces.
◎ Inertial force corresponds to accelerated motion of a mass point in homogeneous isotropic space.
◎ Gravity corresponds to position of a mass potint in space modified by gravitational fields.
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52中山 2023/06/18 12:58
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things (rewritten)
◎ Inertia Force
1) Between inertial force and motion of a mass point in space, there will be direct connection.
2) Position in space has no meaning. Space is homogeneous isotropic.
3) Absolute space is required.
◎ Gravity
1) Between gravity and motion of a mass point in space, there will be no direct connection.
2) Position in space has meaning. As a gravitational field. Space is not homogeneous isotropic.
3) Absolute space is not required.
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2023/06/18 12:58
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things (rewritten)
◎ Inertia Force
1) Between inertial force and motion of a mass point in space, there will be direct connection.
2) Position in space has no meaning. Space is homogeneous isotropic.
3) Absolute space is required.
◎ Gravity
1) Between gravity and motion of a mass point in space, there will be no direct connection.
2) Position in space has meaning. As a gravitational field. Space is not homogeneous isotropic.
3) Absolute space is not required.
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51中山 2023/06/14 08:56
Local Inertial Frame (additional)
A homogeneous cuboid made of atomic silver (atomic weight 107.9) is in free calling. Magnitude of inertial force acting on every silver atom is the same. There can be no local inertial frame.
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2023/06/14 08:56
Local Inertial Frame (additional)
A homogeneous cuboid made of atomic silver (atomic weight 107.9) is in free calling. Magnitude of inertial force acting on every silver atom is the same. There can be no local inertial frame.
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50中山 2023/06/08 15:00
Local Inertial Frame (rewritten)
An elevator cabin is in free falling. Let's assume that every local frame of this cabin is the same (mass m). There can be no local inertial frame.
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2023/06/08 15:00
Local Inertial Frame (rewritten)
An elevator cabin is in free falling. Let's assume that every local frame of this cabin is the same (mass m). There can be no local inertial frame.
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49中山 2023/06/05 15:34
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things
1) For inertial force, space is homogeneous isotropic. Gravity is not.
2) For inertial force, every position in space is the same. Gravity is not.
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2023/06/05 15:34
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things
1) For inertial force, space is homogeneous isotropic. Gravity is not.
2) For inertial force, every position in space is the same. Gravity is not.
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48中山 2023/05/30 14:22
To 46, About latter part of your post, how about the scenario as follows ?
On the moon's surface, a passenger car is moving (in x direction). From a light source placed on the center of ceiling, light rays are emitted radially and symmetrically (in ten degrees increments). And on the floor, spots of light are reflected.
To an observer standing on the moon's surface, speed of light must not be constant.
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2023/05/30 14:22
To 46, About latter part of your post, how about the scenario as follows ?
On the moon's surface, a passenger car is moving (in x direction). From a light source placed on the center of ceiling, light rays are emitted radially and symmetrically (in ten degrees increments). And on the floor, spots of light are reflected.
To an observer standing on the moon's surface, speed of light must not be constant.
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47中山 2023/05/30 12:52
To 46, > This is due to the relative motion between the cars and the source of light (Sunlight in this case).
Sorry, no ! This is due to not relative motion but absolute motion of the cars to aether. If position of light source is the same (on the celestial sphere), behovior of light in the cars must be the same.
Now, measuring tape is set on the floor of the cars. If the spot light in the car are 0.0a and -0.0b (distance from the center), this value will be the same to three observers (including the one standing on the moon's surface).
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2023/05/30 12:52
To 46, > This is due to the relative motion between the cars and the source of light (Sunlight in this case).
Sorry, no ! This is due to not relative motion but absolute motion of the cars to aether. If position of light source is the same (on the celestial sphere), behovior of light in the cars must be the same.
Now, measuring tape is set on the floor of the cars. If the spot light in the car are 0.0a and -0.0b (distance from the center), this value will be the same to three observers (including the one standing on the moon's surface).
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46名前を書き忘れた受験生 2023/05/29 09:28
If the two passenger cars on the Moon's surface are moving at different speeds in the x-direction, the position of the light spot on the floor, as observed from within each car or by an observer on the Moon's surface, will indeed be different. This is due to the relative motion between the cars and the source of light (Sunlight in this case).
When the cars are moving at different speeds, the time it takes for the light to travel from the pinhole to the floor will be different for each car. As a result, the light spot on the floor will appear to be displaced horizontally, relative to a stationary reference point, such as the position it would have if the cars were not in motion.
This phenomenon can be explained by the principles of classical physics and does not require invoking any variations in the speed of light itself. The speed of light in a vacuum, as described by the constant "c" in the equation c = fλ, remains constant regardless of the relative motion between the source of light and an observer.
It's worth noting that in the context of special relativity, there are relativistic effects such as time dilation and length contraction that can come into play when considering the motion of observers and the propagation of light. However, for the scenario you described, the observed difference in the position of the light spot can be explained by classical physics without the need for considering such relativistic effects.
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2023/05/29 09:28
If the two passenger cars on the Moon's surface are moving at different speeds in the x-direction, the position of the light spot on the floor, as observed from within each car or by an observer on the Moon's surface, will indeed be different. This is due to the relative motion between the cars and the source of light (Sunlight in this case).
When the cars are moving at different speeds, the time it takes for the light to travel from the pinhole to the floor will be different for each car. As a result, the light spot on the floor will appear to be displaced horizontally, relative to a stationary reference point, such as the position it would have if the cars were not in motion.
This phenomenon can be explained by the principles of classical physics and does not require invoking any variations in the speed of light itself. The speed of light in a vacuum, as described by the constant "c" in the equation c = fλ, remains constant regardless of the relative motion between the source of light and an observer.
It's worth noting that in the context of special relativity, there are relativistic effects such as time dilation and length contraction that can come into play when considering the motion of observers and the propagation of light. However, for the scenario you described, the observed difference in the position of the light spot can be explained by classical physics without the need for considering such relativistic effects.
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45中山 2023/05/19 11:54
Local Inertial Frame (again)
Every mass point is either in an inertial (unaccelerated) frame or accelerated frame. If a rigid homogeneous cuboid is in free-falling, every mass point is in accelerated frame. In this cuboid, there can be no inertial frame, even locally.
P.S. This difference is not fictitious but absolute.
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2023/05/19 11:54
Local Inertial Frame (again)
Every mass point is either in an inertial (unaccelerated) frame or accelerated frame. If a rigid homogeneous cuboid is in free-falling, every mass point is in accelerated frame. In this cuboid, there can be no inertial frame, even locally.
P.S. This difference is not fictitious but absolute.
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44中山 2023/05/17 12:26
Correction (on today’s post : on the third note)
A starlight > A light source
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2023/05/17 12:26
Correction (on today’s post : on the third note)
A starlight > A light source
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43中山 2023/05/17 08:29
Two Formulas for Speed of Light (in vacuum)
First formula, v=fλ: It is speed of light relative to aether, and v is constant. Area is where light follows aether frame. That is, more than a few light seconds away from light source.
Second formula, c=fλ; It is speed of light relative to light source, and c is constant. Area is where light follows emission theory. That is, within a few light seconds from light source.
Note) First formula is the same as formula for the speed of sound in air (depending on f and λ).
Note) In outer space, a starlight is passing through a tube. In the center of the tube, a plate of glass is placed. In front of the glass, the starlight follows aether frame, and in back of it, starlight follows emission theory.
Note) A starlight is moving in aether. It is possible that v and c move at the same speed. Usually, v will be below c.
Note) For a moving observer, speed of light must be reconsidered (starting with the Doppler effect).
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2023/05/17 08:29
Two Formulas for Speed of Light (in vacuum)
First formula, v=fλ: It is speed of light relative to aether, and v is constant. Area is where light follows aether frame. That is, more than a few light seconds away from light source.
Second formula, c=fλ; It is speed of light relative to light source, and c is constant. Area is where light follows emission theory. That is, within a few light seconds from light source.
Note) First formula is the same as formula for the speed of sound in air (depending on f and λ).
Note) In outer space, a starlight is passing through a tube. In the center of the tube, a plate of glass is placed. In front of the glass, the starlight follows aether frame, and in back of it, starlight follows emission theory.
Note) A starlight is moving in aether. It is possible that v and c move at the same speed. Usually, v will be below c.
Note) For a moving observer, speed of light must be reconsidered (starting with the Doppler effect).
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42中山 2023/05/13 17:13
Speed of Light is Various other
Plane waves of Sunlight are arriving horizontally from above to two passenger cars on Moon's surface. There is a small pinhole at the center of ceiling of two passenger cars, and on the floor, there is a spot of light that passed through pinhole.
The two passenger cars are moving on the Moon's surface at different speeds (in x direction). For an observer inside the passenger car, position of light spot on the floor will be different. This difference in position will be the same for an observer stands on the Moon's surface.
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2023/05/13 17:13
Speed of Light is Various other
Plane waves of Sunlight are arriving horizontally from above to two passenger cars on Moon's surface. There is a small pinhole at the center of ceiling of two passenger cars, and on the floor, there is a spot of light that passed through pinhole.
The two passenger cars are moving on the Moon's surface at different speeds (in x direction). For an observer inside the passenger car, position of light spot on the floor will be different. This difference in position will be the same for an observer stands on the Moon's surface.
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41中山 2023/05/13 17:02
About Propagation of Light
Compare propagation of light with propagation of sound waves. Neither time nor space will require any transformation in our understanding of propagation of sound waves (in air or other medium). In this respect, there will be no difference between propagation of light and propagation of sound waves (if we accept aether as medium for light propagation).
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2023/05/13 17:02
About Propagation of Light
Compare propagation of light with propagation of sound waves. Neither time nor space will require any transformation in our understanding of propagation of sound waves (in air or other medium). In this respect, there will be no difference between propagation of light and propagation of sound waves (if we accept aether as medium for light propagation).
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40中山 2023/05/06 12:49
Gravity (gravitational field) and Time
There is optical path of triangle *ABC with top A of tall tower and mirror BC placed on the ground (as vertices). Laser light emitted from light source set at A (frequency is constant) is reflected by BC and returns to A. Frequencies of laser light at ABC will be the same. There will be no time dilation due to gravity.
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2023/05/06 12:49
Gravity (gravitational field) and Time
There is optical path of triangle *ABC with top A of tall tower and mirror BC placed on the ground (as vertices). Laser light emitted from light source set at A (frequency is constant) is reflected by BC and returns to A. Frequencies of laser light at ABC will be the same. There will be no time dilation due to gravity.
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39中山 2023/05/05 08:59
Pinhole Camera
In outer space, a starlight is coming from the right. This ray enters the pinhole of a pinhole camera and is reflected upward by a mirror set at 45 degrees upwards in the camera.
When the camera moves to the right or left (at a uniform speed), the position where reflected light hits the upper inner wall of the camera will move. Incident light is propagated in aether, and reflected light follows emission theory.
Note: c of lincident light and rleflected light relative to the mirror are generally different. So, angle of the two are also. λ are also).
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2023/05/05 08:59
Pinhole Camera
In outer space, a starlight is coming from the right. This ray enters the pinhole of a pinhole camera and is reflected upward by a mirror set at 45 degrees upwards in the camera.
When the camera moves to the right or left (at a uniform speed), the position where reflected light hits the upper inner wall of the camera will move. Incident light is propagated in aether, and reflected light follows emission theory.
Note: c of lincident light and rleflected light relative to the mirror are generally different. So, angle of the two are also. λ are also).
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38中山 2023/05/04 09:04
Apology and Cancellation
My recent posts 36 and 37 seem to be invalid. Sorry.
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2023/05/04 09:04
Apology and Cancellation
My recent posts 36 and 37 seem to be invalid. Sorry.
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37中山 2023/05/01 18:21
Three Pinhole Cameras
Otherday's my post(7) was misunderstanding. Sorry. Following is compensation.
In outer space, three pinhole cameras are moving at different constant speed in X direction. Size of celestial sphere reflected on the receiving surface in the cameras will be slightly different. This will be due to the different speed of the cameras relative to aether.
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2023/05/01 18:21
Three Pinhole Cameras
Otherday's my post(7) was misunderstanding. Sorry. Following is compensation.
In outer space, three pinhole cameras are moving at different constant speed in X direction. Size of celestial sphere reflected on the receiving surface in the cameras will be slightly different. This will be due to the different speed of the cameras relative to aether.
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36中山 2023/04/29 13:03
Aether
In outer space, three pinhole cameras are pointed in X, Y and Z directions (these are in uniform linear motion, the same as Sun). Cameras are pretty large. In the camera, on the inner wall, on the opposite side of the pinhole, disks rotate once and receiving position of star lights are recorded.
Recorded position of star lights on three disks will not be true circle. These may indicate motion of the pinhole cameras relative to aether.
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2023/04/29 13:03
Aether
In outer space, three pinhole cameras are pointed in X, Y and Z directions (these are in uniform linear motion, the same as Sun). Cameras are pretty large. In the camera, on the inner wall, on the opposite side of the pinhole, disks rotate once and receiving position of star lights are recorded.
Recorded position of star lights on three disks will not be true circle. These may indicate motion of the pinhole cameras relative to aether.
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35中山 2023/04/25 13:08
To33, Aberration on Mars
Annual aberration of Mars is mainly caused by Mars' orbital period : 1.881 years and average orbital speed : 24.07 km/sec. That is, by the motion of an observer repative to aether.
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2023/04/25 13:08
To33, Aberration on Mars
Annual aberration of Mars is mainly caused by Mars' orbital period : 1.881 years and average orbital speed : 24.07 km/sec. That is, by the motion of an observer repative to aether.
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34中山 2023/04/24 14:21
To 33, Thank you for your reply about aether.
What causes aberration ? Core must be the position of light source on the celestial sphere. Fixed star's motion (also relative to Earth) is irrelevant. At all.
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2023/04/24 14:21
To 33, Thank you for your reply about aether.
What causes aberration ? Core must be the position of light source on the celestial sphere. Fixed star's motion (also relative to Earth) is irrelevant. At all.
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33名前を書き忘れた受験生 2023/04/23 18:44
I'm sorry, but the concept of a stationary aether has been largely discredited by experimental evidence, including the Michelson-Morley experiment. The phenomenon of aberration can be explained without invoking the existence of an aether. It is a consequence of the finite speed of light and the relative motion between the observer and the light source. As the observer moves, the angle at which they observe the light changes due to the finite time it takes for the light to reach their eye.
Refraction of light in the upper atmosphere is a separate phenomenon that can also affect the apparent position of celestial objects, but it is not directly related to aberration. The displacement of stars due to aberration is indeed in the direction of the Earth's motion, not opposite to it.
While it is true that Airy's experiment demonstrated the effect of aberration using a water-filled telescope, this does not imply the existence of a stationary aether. The experiment was designed to measure the angle of starlight as it entered the telescope at different times of the year, providing evidence for the phenomenon of aberration.
In summary, aberration can be explained without invoking the concept of a stationary aether. It is a consequence of the finite speed of light and the relative motion between the observer and the light source.
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2023/04/23 18:44
I'm sorry, but the concept of a stationary aether has been largely discredited by experimental evidence, including the Michelson-Morley experiment. The phenomenon of aberration can be explained without invoking the existence of an aether. It is a consequence of the finite speed of light and the relative motion between the observer and the light source. As the observer moves, the angle at which they observe the light changes due to the finite time it takes for the light to reach their eye.
Refraction of light in the upper atmosphere is a separate phenomenon that can also affect the apparent position of celestial objects, but it is not directly related to aberration. The displacement of stars due to aberration is indeed in the direction of the Earth's motion, not opposite to it.
While it is true that Airy's experiment demonstrated the effect of aberration using a water-filled telescope, this does not imply the existence of a stationary aether. The experiment was designed to measure the angle of starlight as it entered the telescope at different times of the year, providing evidence for the phenomenon of aberration.
In summary, aberration can be explained without invoking the concept of a stationary aether. It is a consequence of the finite speed of light and the relative motion between the observer and the light source.
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32中山 2023/04/23 11:00
Color Difference in Visible Light
Difference in colors of visible light are said to be due to difference in wavelength. But frequency is also different. Why is it wavelength and not frequency ? I have no recollection seeing an explanation on it.
A light beam (monochromatic laser) is emitted from a light source into water and air. Frequency in both media is the same, but wavelength is different. What is color development of color film exposed in both media ?
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2023/04/23 11:00
Color Difference in Visible Light
Difference in colors of visible light are said to be due to difference in wavelength. But frequency is also different. Why is it wavelength and not frequency ? I have no recollection seeing an explanation on it.
A light beam (monochromatic laser) is emitted from a light source into water and air. Frequency in both media is the same, but wavelength is different. What is color development of color film exposed in both media ?
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31中山 2023/04/16 16:19
To 25,
Constancy of Speed of Light
As to constancy of speed of light, case 1) in the post 23 is the only case we know. About case 2), we do not even admit existence of aether.
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2023/04/16 16:19
To 25,
Constancy of Speed of Light
As to constancy of speed of light, case 1) in the post 23 is the only case we know. About case 2), we do not even admit existence of aether.
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30中山 2023/04/16 12:15
To 25,
Aether
In outer space, frequency and wavelength of two stars light are being measured. Two stars are in opposite directions (antipodal point) on the celestial sphere, and the measurements are done simultaneously. The sum of the two values will be 2c or a constant close to 2c.
The above will show the motion of the observer relative to aether.
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2023/04/16 12:15
To 25,
Aether
In outer space, frequency and wavelength of two stars light are being measured. Two stars are in opposite directions (antipodal point) on the celestial sphere, and the measurements are done simultaneously. The sum of the two values will be 2c or a constant close to 2c.
The above will show the motion of the observer relative to aether.
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29中山 2023/04/16 12:09
To 25,
Aberration shows aether
Aberration is caused by various motions of Earth relative to stationary aether (uniform isotropic). Light that enters upper air of Earth (from aether) is bent in the direction of motion of Earth. As a phenomenon, aberration is completed in the upper air. The same as refraction.
Therefore, illustration of raindrops and an umbrella is NG. Result of Airy’s experiment with a water-filled telescope is only natural. It is said that apparent displacement of stars is displaced in the direction of Earth’s motion, but in fact, it will be the opposite. You can check this by drawing light bending (in upper air) on a paper.
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2023/04/16 12:09
To 25,
Aberration shows aether
Aberration is caused by various motions of Earth relative to stationary aether (uniform isotropic). Light that enters upper air of Earth (from aether) is bent in the direction of motion of Earth. As a phenomenon, aberration is completed in the upper air. The same as refraction.
Therefore, illustration of raindrops and an umbrella is NG. Result of Airy’s experiment with a water-filled telescope is only natural. It is said that apparent displacement of stars is displaced in the direction of Earth’s motion, but in fact, it will be the opposite. You can check this by drawing light bending (in upper air) on a paper.
4pt0pt
28中山 2023/04/16 12:09
To 25,
Aberration shows aether
Aberration is caused by various motions of Earth relative to stationary aether (uniform isotropic). Light that enters upper air of Earth (from aether) is bent in the direction of motion of Earth. As a phenomenon, aberration is completed in the upper air. The same as refraction.
Therefore, illustration of raindrops and an umbrella is NG. Result of Airy’s experiment with a water-filled telescope is only natural. It is said that apparent displacement of stars is displaced in the direction of Earth’s motion, but in fact, it will be the opposite. You can check this by drawing light bending (in upper air) on a paper.
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2023/04/16 12:09
To 25,
Aberration shows aether
Aberration is caused by various motions of Earth relative to stationary aether (uniform isotropic). Light that enters upper air of Earth (from aether) is bent in the direction of motion of Earth. As a phenomenon, aberration is completed in the upper air. The same as refraction.
Therefore, illustration of raindrops and an umbrella is NG. Result of Airy’s experiment with a water-filled telescope is only natural. It is said that apparent displacement of stars is displaced in the direction of Earth’s motion, but in fact, it will be the opposite. You can check this by drawing light bending (in upper air) on a paper.
4pt0pt
27中山 2023/04/16 12:01
To 25,
Speed of Light
When an observer moves relative to aether, they will measure a different speed of light than an observer who is stationary relative to aether.
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2023/04/16 12:01
To 25,
Speed of Light
When an observer moves relative to aether, they will measure a different speed of light than an observer who is stationary relative to aether.
4pt0pt
26中山 2023/04/16 08:59
To 25,
Light is Propagated in Two Ways
In outer space, a starlight is reflected by a mirror. There is a formula c = f λ. Now, the mirror is stationary. In comparing of incident light and reflected light, f is the same. And usually, c & λ are different.
Now, the mirror moves in the direction of the light path of incident light. In the formula on incident light, λ is constant. And c & f will be variables. And in the formula on reflected light, c is constant. And f & λ will be variables.
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2023/04/16 08:59
To 25,
Light is Propagated in Two Ways
In outer space, a starlight is reflected by a mirror. There is a formula c = f λ. Now, the mirror is stationary. In comparing of incident light and reflected light, f is the same. And usually, c & λ are different.
Now, the mirror moves in the direction of the light path of incident light. In the formula on incident light, λ is constant. And c & f will be variables. And in the formula on reflected light, c is constant. And f & λ will be variables.
6pt0pt
25名前を書き忘れた受験生 2023/04/16 02:54
While the formula c = fλ provides a straightforward relationship between the speed of light, its frequency, and wavelength, the behavior of light can become more complex when it interacts with different materials and environments.
In particular, the concept of the aether as a medium through which light waves propagate has been largely discredited by experimental evidence, including the Michelson-Morley experiment. Instead, it is now widely accepted that light waves can travel through a vacuum without requiring a medium.
When an observer moves relative to a light source, they will measure a different speed of light than an observer who is stationary relative to the source. This is due to the relativistic effects of time dilation and length contraction, which are described by the theory of special relativity.
Moreover, the behavior of light can be affected by gravitational fields, leading to phenomena such as gravitational lensing. In addition, the wave-particle duality of light means that it can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior, depending on the context in which it is observed.
While the basic principles governing the behavior of light can be summarized by simple equations, the full range of phenomena exhibited by light can be quite complex and fascinating.
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2023/04/16 02:54
While the formula c = fλ provides a straightforward relationship between the speed of light, its frequency, and wavelength, the behavior of light can become more complex when it interacts with different materials and environments.
In particular, the concept of the aether as a medium through which light waves propagate has been largely discredited by experimental evidence, including the Michelson-Morley experiment. Instead, it is now widely accepted that light waves can travel through a vacuum without requiring a medium.
When an observer moves relative to a light source, they will measure a different speed of light than an observer who is stationary relative to the source. This is due to the relativistic effects of time dilation and length contraction, which are described by the theory of special relativity.
Moreover, the behavior of light can be affected by gravitational fields, leading to phenomena such as gravitational lensing. In addition, the wave-particle duality of light means that it can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior, depending on the context in which it is observed.
While the basic principles governing the behavior of light can be summarized by simple equations, the full range of phenomena exhibited by light can be quite complex and fascinating.
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