Selected Posts on Anti-Relativity - 物理の勉強掲示板
Selected Posts on Anti-Relativity
0nakayama
2023/02/18 09:14 3967view
Michelson-Morley Experiment
It (done in air) is nonsense. In air, light is propagated at c/n. So, the result of M-M experiment (done in air) is only natural.
In a book "Theory of Relativity" by Pauli, W 1958, it's written as follows (quoted from English version ; in 1-6). "Rather should one say that for an observer moving with medium, light is propagated as usual with velocity c/n in all directions".
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39中山 2023/05/05 08:59
Pinhole Camera
In outer space, a starlight is coming from the right. This ray enters the pinhole of a pinhole camera and is reflected upward by a mirror set at 45 degrees upwards in the camera.
When the camera moves to the right or left (at a uniform speed), the position where reflected light hits the upper inner wall of the camera will move. Incident light is propagated in aether, and reflected light follows emission theory.
Note: c of lincident light and rleflected light relative to the mirror are generally different. So, angle of the two are also. λ are also).
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2023/05/05 08:59
Pinhole Camera
In outer space, a starlight is coming from the right. This ray enters the pinhole of a pinhole camera and is reflected upward by a mirror set at 45 degrees upwards in the camera.
When the camera moves to the right or left (at a uniform speed), the position where reflected light hits the upper inner wall of the camera will move. Incident light is propagated in aether, and reflected light follows emission theory.
Note: c of lincident light and rleflected light relative to the mirror are generally different. So, angle of the two are also. λ are also).
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38中山 2023/05/04 09:04
Apology and Cancellation
My recent posts 36 and 37 seem to be invalid. Sorry.
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2023/05/04 09:04
Apology and Cancellation
My recent posts 36 and 37 seem to be invalid. Sorry.
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37中山 2023/05/01 18:21
Three Pinhole Cameras
Otherday's my post(7) was misunderstanding. Sorry. Following is compensation.
In outer space, three pinhole cameras are moving at different constant speed in X direction. Size of celestial sphere reflected on the receiving surface in the cameras will be slightly different. This will be due to the different speed of the cameras relative to aether.
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2023/05/01 18:21
Three Pinhole Cameras
Otherday's my post(7) was misunderstanding. Sorry. Following is compensation.
In outer space, three pinhole cameras are moving at different constant speed in X direction. Size of celestial sphere reflected on the receiving surface in the cameras will be slightly different. This will be due to the different speed of the cameras relative to aether.
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36中山 2023/04/29 13:03
Aether
In outer space, three pinhole cameras are pointed in X, Y and Z directions (these are in uniform linear motion, the same as Sun). Cameras are pretty large. In the camera, on the inner wall, on the opposite side of the pinhole, disks rotate once and receiving position of star lights are recorded.
Recorded position of star lights on three disks will not be true circle. These may indicate motion of the pinhole cameras relative to aether.
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2023/04/29 13:03
Aether
In outer space, three pinhole cameras are pointed in X, Y and Z directions (these are in uniform linear motion, the same as Sun). Cameras are pretty large. In the camera, on the inner wall, on the opposite side of the pinhole, disks rotate once and receiving position of star lights are recorded.
Recorded position of star lights on three disks will not be true circle. These may indicate motion of the pinhole cameras relative to aether.
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35中山 2023/04/25 13:08
To33, Aberration on Mars
Annual aberration of Mars is mainly caused by Mars' orbital period : 1.881 years and average orbital speed : 24.07 km/sec. That is, by the motion of an observer repative to aether.
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2023/04/25 13:08
To33, Aberration on Mars
Annual aberration of Mars is mainly caused by Mars' orbital period : 1.881 years and average orbital speed : 24.07 km/sec. That is, by the motion of an observer repative to aether.
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34中山 2023/04/24 14:21
To 33, Thank you for your reply about aether.
What causes aberration ? Core must be the position of light source on the celestial sphere. Fixed star's motion (also relative to Earth) is irrelevant. At all.
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2023/04/24 14:21
To 33, Thank you for your reply about aether.
What causes aberration ? Core must be the position of light source on the celestial sphere. Fixed star's motion (also relative to Earth) is irrelevant. At all.
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33名前を書き忘れた受験生 2023/04/23 18:44
I'm sorry, but the concept of a stationary aether has been largely discredited by experimental evidence, including the Michelson-Morley experiment. The phenomenon of aberration can be explained without invoking the existence of an aether. It is a consequence of the finite speed of light and the relative motion between the observer and the light source. As the observer moves, the angle at which they observe the light changes due to the finite time it takes for the light to reach their eye.
Refraction of light in the upper atmosphere is a separate phenomenon that can also affect the apparent position of celestial objects, but it is not directly related to aberration. The displacement of stars due to aberration is indeed in the direction of the Earth's motion, not opposite to it.
While it is true that Airy's experiment demonstrated the effect of aberration using a water-filled telescope, this does not imply the existence of a stationary aether. The experiment was designed to measure the angle of starlight as it entered the telescope at different times of the year, providing evidence for the phenomenon of aberration.
In summary, aberration can be explained without invoking the concept of a stationary aether. It is a consequence of the finite speed of light and the relative motion between the observer and the light source.
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2023/04/23 18:44
I'm sorry, but the concept of a stationary aether has been largely discredited by experimental evidence, including the Michelson-Morley experiment. The phenomenon of aberration can be explained without invoking the existence of an aether. It is a consequence of the finite speed of light and the relative motion between the observer and the light source. As the observer moves, the angle at which they observe the light changes due to the finite time it takes for the light to reach their eye.
Refraction of light in the upper atmosphere is a separate phenomenon that can also affect the apparent position of celestial objects, but it is not directly related to aberration. The displacement of stars due to aberration is indeed in the direction of the Earth's motion, not opposite to it.
While it is true that Airy's experiment demonstrated the effect of aberration using a water-filled telescope, this does not imply the existence of a stationary aether. The experiment was designed to measure the angle of starlight as it entered the telescope at different times of the year, providing evidence for the phenomenon of aberration.
In summary, aberration can be explained without invoking the concept of a stationary aether. It is a consequence of the finite speed of light and the relative motion between the observer and the light source.
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32中山 2023/04/23 11:00
Color Difference in Visible Light
Difference in colors of visible light are said to be due to difference in wavelength. But frequency is also different. Why is it wavelength and not frequency ? I have no recollection seeing an explanation on it.
A light beam (monochromatic laser) is emitted from a light source into water and air. Frequency in both media is the same, but wavelength is different. What is color development of color film exposed in both media ?
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2023/04/23 11:00
Color Difference in Visible Light
Difference in colors of visible light are said to be due to difference in wavelength. But frequency is also different. Why is it wavelength and not frequency ? I have no recollection seeing an explanation on it.
A light beam (monochromatic laser) is emitted from a light source into water and air. Frequency in both media is the same, but wavelength is different. What is color development of color film exposed in both media ?
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31中山 2023/04/16 16:19
To 25,
Constancy of Speed of Light
As to constancy of speed of light, case 1) in the post 23 is the only case we know. About case 2), we do not even admit existence of aether.
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2023/04/16 16:19
To 25,
Constancy of Speed of Light
As to constancy of speed of light, case 1) in the post 23 is the only case we know. About case 2), we do not even admit existence of aether.
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30中山 2023/04/16 12:15
To 25,
Aether
In outer space, frequency and wavelength of two stars light are being measured. Two stars are in opposite directions (antipodal point) on the celestial sphere, and the measurements are done simultaneously. The sum of the two values will be 2c or a constant close to 2c.
The above will show the motion of the observer relative to aether.
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2023/04/16 12:15
To 25,
Aether
In outer space, frequency and wavelength of two stars light are being measured. Two stars are in opposite directions (antipodal point) on the celestial sphere, and the measurements are done simultaneously. The sum of the two values will be 2c or a constant close to 2c.
The above will show the motion of the observer relative to aether.
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29中山 2023/04/16 12:09
To 25,
Aberration shows aether
Aberration is caused by various motions of Earth relative to stationary aether (uniform isotropic). Light that enters upper air of Earth (from aether) is bent in the direction of motion of Earth. As a phenomenon, aberration is completed in the upper air. The same as refraction.
Therefore, illustration of raindrops and an umbrella is NG. Result of Airy’s experiment with a water-filled telescope is only natural. It is said that apparent displacement of stars is displaced in the direction of Earth’s motion, but in fact, it will be the opposite. You can check this by drawing light bending (in upper air) on a paper.
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2023/04/16 12:09
To 25,
Aberration shows aether
Aberration is caused by various motions of Earth relative to stationary aether (uniform isotropic). Light that enters upper air of Earth (from aether) is bent in the direction of motion of Earth. As a phenomenon, aberration is completed in the upper air. The same as refraction.
Therefore, illustration of raindrops and an umbrella is NG. Result of Airy’s experiment with a water-filled telescope is only natural. It is said that apparent displacement of stars is displaced in the direction of Earth’s motion, but in fact, it will be the opposite. You can check this by drawing light bending (in upper air) on a paper.
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28中山 2023/04/16 12:09
To 25,
Aberration shows aether
Aberration is caused by various motions of Earth relative to stationary aether (uniform isotropic). Light that enters upper air of Earth (from aether) is bent in the direction of motion of Earth. As a phenomenon, aberration is completed in the upper air. The same as refraction.
Therefore, illustration of raindrops and an umbrella is NG. Result of Airy’s experiment with a water-filled telescope is only natural. It is said that apparent displacement of stars is displaced in the direction of Earth’s motion, but in fact, it will be the opposite. You can check this by drawing light bending (in upper air) on a paper.
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2023/04/16 12:09
To 25,
Aberration shows aether
Aberration is caused by various motions of Earth relative to stationary aether (uniform isotropic). Light that enters upper air of Earth (from aether) is bent in the direction of motion of Earth. As a phenomenon, aberration is completed in the upper air. The same as refraction.
Therefore, illustration of raindrops and an umbrella is NG. Result of Airy’s experiment with a water-filled telescope is only natural. It is said that apparent displacement of stars is displaced in the direction of Earth’s motion, but in fact, it will be the opposite. You can check this by drawing light bending (in upper air) on a paper.
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27中山 2023/04/16 12:01
To 25,
Speed of Light
When an observer moves relative to aether, they will measure a different speed of light than an observer who is stationary relative to aether.
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2023/04/16 12:01
To 25,
Speed of Light
When an observer moves relative to aether, they will measure a different speed of light than an observer who is stationary relative to aether.
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26中山 2023/04/16 08:59
To 25,
Light is Propagated in Two Ways
In outer space, a starlight is reflected by a mirror. There is a formula c = f λ. Now, the mirror is stationary. In comparing of incident light and reflected light, f is the same. And usually, c & λ are different.
Now, the mirror moves in the direction of the light path of incident light. In the formula on incident light, λ is constant. And c & f will be variables. And in the formula on reflected light, c is constant. And f & λ will be variables.
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2023/04/16 08:59
To 25,
Light is Propagated in Two Ways
In outer space, a starlight is reflected by a mirror. There is a formula c = f λ. Now, the mirror is stationary. In comparing of incident light and reflected light, f is the same. And usually, c & λ are different.
Now, the mirror moves in the direction of the light path of incident light. In the formula on incident light, λ is constant. And c & f will be variables. And in the formula on reflected light, c is constant. And f & λ will be variables.
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25名前を書き忘れた受験生 2023/04/16 02:54
While the formula c = fλ provides a straightforward relationship between the speed of light, its frequency, and wavelength, the behavior of light can become more complex when it interacts with different materials and environments.
In particular, the concept of the aether as a medium through which light waves propagate has been largely discredited by experimental evidence, including the Michelson-Morley experiment. Instead, it is now widely accepted that light waves can travel through a vacuum without requiring a medium.
When an observer moves relative to a light source, they will measure a different speed of light than an observer who is stationary relative to the source. This is due to the relativistic effects of time dilation and length contraction, which are described by the theory of special relativity.
Moreover, the behavior of light can be affected by gravitational fields, leading to phenomena such as gravitational lensing. In addition, the wave-particle duality of light means that it can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior, depending on the context in which it is observed.
While the basic principles governing the behavior of light can be summarized by simple equations, the full range of phenomena exhibited by light can be quite complex and fascinating.
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2023/04/16 02:54
While the formula c = fλ provides a straightforward relationship between the speed of light, its frequency, and wavelength, the behavior of light can become more complex when it interacts with different materials and environments.
In particular, the concept of the aether as a medium through which light waves propagate has been largely discredited by experimental evidence, including the Michelson-Morley experiment. Instead, it is now widely accepted that light waves can travel through a vacuum without requiring a medium.
When an observer moves relative to a light source, they will measure a different speed of light than an observer who is stationary relative to the source. This is due to the relativistic effects of time dilation and length contraction, which are described by the theory of special relativity.
Moreover, the behavior of light can be affected by gravitational fields, leading to phenomena such as gravitational lensing. In addition, the wave-particle duality of light means that it can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior, depending on the context in which it is observed.
While the basic principles governing the behavior of light can be summarized by simple equations, the full range of phenomena exhibited by light can be quite complex and fascinating.
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24中山 2023/04/15 17:13
To 17,
Speed of Light
For speed of light, the constant speed, and the formula c = fλ seem to be all. But is it really so simple?
A beam of light is propagating through aether. An observer is in uniform linear motion at various angles relative to this beam. The speed of the observer relative to aether also varies. Observer’s motion can be accelerated motion, jerk motion, or curvilinear motion. Also, speed of light wave and light ray (photon) will generally be different.
No, to light, special treatment must not be given. Then, all must be simple.
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2023/04/15 17:13
To 17,
Speed of Light
For speed of light, the constant speed, and the formula c = fλ seem to be all. But is it really so simple?
A beam of light is propagating through aether. An observer is in uniform linear motion at various angles relative to this beam. The speed of the observer relative to aether also varies. Observer’s motion can be accelerated motion, jerk motion, or curvilinear motion. Also, speed of light wave and light ray (photon) will generally be different.
No, to light, special treatment must not be given. Then, all must be simple.
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23中山 2023/04/15 15:08
To 17,
Constancy of speed of light (Reexamination)
Constancy of speed of light is not possible always. No, it will be
possible limitedly in the following two events only. Btw, speed of
light in mediums is not subject of this reexamination.
1) A measurement point and a light source are stationary in the same
inertial frame. Distance between the two is within a few light
seconds. Speed of light is c.
2) A measurement point is stationary in aether frame. Light
propagated in aether is coming to this point. Distance from the
light source is more than a few light sveconds. Speed of light will
not be c.
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2023/04/15 15:08
To 17,
Constancy of speed of light (Reexamination)
Constancy of speed of light is not possible always. No, it will be
possible limitedly in the following two events only. Btw, speed of
light in mediums is not subject of this reexamination.
1) A measurement point and a light source are stationary in the same
inertial frame. Distance between the two is within a few light
seconds. Speed of light is c.
2) A measurement point is stationary in aether frame. Light
propagated in aether is coming to this point. Distance from the
light source is more than a few light sveconds. Speed of light will
not be c.
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22中山 2023/04/15 09:03
To 17,
There is a word "extinction" in a book Special Relativity by French, A.P. 1968. It's written as follows (original text ; quoted from "Google book" ; in 5-2). "Thus, for example, with visible light, a thickness of about 10-5cm of glass or 0.1mm of air at atmospheric pressure is almost enough to erase any possible memory, as it were, of the motion of the original source" (10-5cm is 0.0001mm). What ?? Light speed will be equalized in medium !
【Extinction : Michelson-Morley experiment (done in air) is nonsense 】 Above passage says that 0.1mm of air is enough to extinction.
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2023/04/15 09:03
To 17,
There is a word "extinction" in a book Special Relativity by French, A.P. 1968. It's written as follows (original text ; quoted from "Google book" ; in 5-2). "Thus, for example, with visible light, a thickness of about 10-5cm of glass or 0.1mm of air at atmospheric pressure is almost enough to erase any possible memory, as it were, of the motion of the original source" (10-5cm is 0.0001mm). What ?? Light speed will be equalized in medium !
【Extinction : Michelson-Morley experiment (done in air) is nonsense 】 Above passage says that 0.1mm of air is enough to extinction.
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21中山 2023/04/14 17:02
Equivalence Principle
Two bodies of the same mass m tied by a fairly long string are in free fall to Jupiter. Two bodeies are back and forth, and increasing tension of the string is informed to Earth. Inertial force and gravity are different things.
Comet Shoemaker-Levy, which fell to Jupiter in 1994. It was broken into at least 21 pieces in falling.
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2023/04/14 17:02
Equivalence Principle
Two bodies of the same mass m tied by a fairly long string are in free fall to Jupiter. Two bodeies are back and forth, and increasing tension of the string is informed to Earth. Inertial force and gravity are different things.
Comet Shoemaker-Levy, which fell to Jupiter in 1994. It was broken into at least 21 pieces in falling.
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20中山 2023/04/14 16:59
Equivalence principle (as an impression)
In laboratory experiment, inertial force is something that we can control. In a laboratory called thought experiment, we can control falling of an elevator cabin also. On the other hand, it seems that gravity is beyond our reach. In other words, inertial force and gravity will be different things.
Even outside laboratory (whether within our reach or not), inertial force and gravity may be different thing.
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2023/04/14 16:59
Equivalence principle (as an impression)
In laboratory experiment, inertial force is something that we can control. In a laboratory called thought experiment, we can control falling of an elevator cabin also. On the other hand, it seems that gravity is beyond our reach. In other words, inertial force and gravity will be different things.
Even outside laboratory (whether within our reach or not), inertial force and gravity may be different thing.
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19中山 2023/04/14 16:56
Perihelion Shift of Mercury (Labyrinth)
This problem could be discribed as a problem in which Mercury’s elliptical orbit rotates slightly in the direction of Mercury’s orbital motion. Like hands of a clock. Reason for rotation may be due to the fact that Mercury is not a point but a sphere that has a size (mass distribution). But beyond that, it is a labyrinth for me.
Is the reason for rotation lies in perihelion or in aphelion ? Or is it in neither ? And, if the reason lies in aphelion, is it due to addition of centrifugal force ? Or is it due to weakening of gravitational pull of Sun ?
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2023/04/14 16:56
Perihelion Shift of Mercury (Labyrinth)
This problem could be discribed as a problem in which Mercury’s elliptical orbit rotates slightly in the direction of Mercury’s orbital motion. Like hands of a clock. Reason for rotation may be due to the fact that Mercury is not a point but a sphere that has a size (mass distribution). But beyond that, it is a labyrinth for me.
Is the reason for rotation lies in perihelion or in aphelion ? Or is it in neither ? And, if the reason lies in aphelion, is it due to addition of centrifugal force ? Or is it due to weakening of gravitational pull of Sun ?
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18中山 2023/04/14 16:52
Perihelion Shift of Mercury (long axis)
Long axis of Mercury’s orbit is slowly rotating. That is, Mercury will follow an orbit outside its previous orbit after passing either perihelion or aphelion (for some extent). This is not so for perihelion in many figures.
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2023/04/14 16:52
Perihelion Shift of Mercury (long axis)
Long axis of Mercury’s orbit is slowly rotating. That is, Mercury will follow an orbit outside its previous orbit after passing either perihelion or aphelion (for some extent). This is not so for perihelion in many figures.
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17名前を書き忘れた受験生 2023/03/29 11:45
The Michelson-Morley experiment was actually performed in a vacuum, not in air. The experiment was designed to detect the hypothetical "ether wind" that was thought to exist in the 19th century as the medium through which light waves propagated. The experiment aimed to measure the difference in the speed of light in different directions, as the Earth moves through the ether.
However, the results of the experiment showed that there was no measurable difference in the speed of light in different directions, which was contrary to what was expected if the ether theory was correct. This was a significant result, as it provided evidence against the existence of the ether and paved the way for the development of the theory of special relativity.
Regarding your statement that "in air, light is propagated at c/n", this is not entirely accurate. The speed of light in a medium, such as air or water, is indeed slower than its speed in a vacuum, but it is not simply equal to c/n. The speed of light in a medium depends on several factors, including the refractive index of the medium, which determines the degree to which light is bent as it passes through the medium.
Finally, the quote from Pauli's book is not in conflict with the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment. The quote is referring to an observer moving with the medium, which is different from the motion of the Earth through the ether that the experiment was designed to detect. In the context of the experiment, the motion of the observer is not relevant, as the aim was to measure the speed of light relative to the ether.
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2023/03/29 11:45
The Michelson-Morley experiment was actually performed in a vacuum, not in air. The experiment was designed to detect the hypothetical "ether wind" that was thought to exist in the 19th century as the medium through which light waves propagated. The experiment aimed to measure the difference in the speed of light in different directions, as the Earth moves through the ether.
However, the results of the experiment showed that there was no measurable difference in the speed of light in different directions, which was contrary to what was expected if the ether theory was correct. This was a significant result, as it provided evidence against the existence of the ether and paved the way for the development of the theory of special relativity.
Regarding your statement that "in air, light is propagated at c/n", this is not entirely accurate. The speed of light in a medium, such as air or water, is indeed slower than its speed in a vacuum, but it is not simply equal to c/n. The speed of light in a medium depends on several factors, including the refractive index of the medium, which determines the degree to which light is bent as it passes through the medium.
Finally, the quote from Pauli's book is not in conflict with the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment. The quote is referring to an observer moving with the medium, which is different from the motion of the Earth through the ether that the experiment was designed to detect. In the context of the experiment, the motion of the observer is not relevant, as the aim was to measure the speed of light relative to the ether.
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16中山 2023/03/29 10:27
Selected Post on Anti-Relativity (7)
◎ Perihelion Shift of Mercury (problem posing)
I said earlier that this story should start from aphelion, not perihelion. Yes, size of Mercury will increase centrifugal force and will rotate the orbit of Mercury in the direction of revolution. It will also increase size of orbit and increase momentum of Mercury.
Moon is said to be receding away from Earth. Although it is on order of a few centimeters per year. There are not a few sites on web. Many of them say that reason is slowing down of rotation of Earth. And total angular momentum of Earth and Moon must be conserved. But is relationship between Earth and Moon still the same today ? I guess what I said in the first half of this post applies to Moon as well.
Note: Said only qualitatively.
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2023/03/29 10:27
Selected Post on Anti-Relativity (7)
◎ Perihelion Shift of Mercury (problem posing)
I said earlier that this story should start from aphelion, not perihelion. Yes, size of Mercury will increase centrifugal force and will rotate the orbit of Mercury in the direction of revolution. It will also increase size of orbit and increase momentum of Mercury.
Moon is said to be receding away from Earth. Although it is on order of a few centimeters per year. There are not a few sites on web. Many of them say that reason is slowing down of rotation of Earth. And total angular momentum of Earth and Moon must be conserved. But is relationship between Earth and Moon still the same today ? I guess what I said in the first half of this post applies to Moon as well.
Note: Said only qualitatively.
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15中山 2023/03/28 14:02
Selected post on Anti-Relativity (6)
◎ Spherical Shell Theorem
There are two figures A and B that draw Sun and Mercury. A shows Mercury on the line of action of gravity of Sun extending from the left. Distance between two stars is 50. In B, Mercury is divided into two hemispheres, left and right. The distance between center of sphere (of A) and the center of gravity of two hemispheres each is 1. In B, denominators of formula for magnitude of gravity are 49 and 51. And squared are 2401 and 2601.
Magnitude of gravity is 2500 in A and 2501 in B. Size of sphere seems to be related to magnitude of gravity. Spherical shell theorem will not be valid. Main reason for perihelion shift of Mercury will be its size.
Note) In this post, only gravity of Sun is under consideration.
◎ Perihelion Shift of Mercury
There is a figure of Mercury. Mercury is drawn as a circle. Plus, the center of it and an arc are drawn. This arc passes through the center and is extending symmetrically upward and downward. This arc is part of circle centered at the center of Sun that is located on the right of this figure. Therefore, the area of Mercury divided by the arc is left > right. Thus, actual magnitude of centrifugal force of Mercury due to its orbital motion will exceed the magnitude calculated as a point. Probably, this will be the main reason for perihelion shift of Mercury.
Note : For planets with satellites, perihelion shif seems to be larger. This will be due to centrifugal force.
Note : There must be more unknowns in perihelion shift.
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2023/03/28 14:02
Selected post on Anti-Relativity (6)
◎ Spherical Shell Theorem
There are two figures A and B that draw Sun and Mercury. A shows Mercury on the line of action of gravity of Sun extending from the left. Distance between two stars is 50. In B, Mercury is divided into two hemispheres, left and right. The distance between center of sphere (of A) and the center of gravity of two hemispheres each is 1. In B, denominators of formula for magnitude of gravity are 49 and 51. And squared are 2401 and 2601.
Magnitude of gravity is 2500 in A and 2501 in B. Size of sphere seems to be related to magnitude of gravity. Spherical shell theorem will not be valid. Main reason for perihelion shift of Mercury will be its size.
Note) In this post, only gravity of Sun is under consideration.
◎ Perihelion Shift of Mercury
There is a figure of Mercury. Mercury is drawn as a circle. Plus, the center of it and an arc are drawn. This arc passes through the center and is extending symmetrically upward and downward. This arc is part of circle centered at the center of Sun that is located on the right of this figure. Therefore, the area of Mercury divided by the arc is left > right. Thus, actual magnitude of centrifugal force of Mercury due to its orbital motion will exceed the magnitude calculated as a point. Probably, this will be the main reason for perihelion shift of Mercury.
Note : For planets with satellites, perihelion shif seems to be larger. This will be due to centrifugal force.
Note : There must be more unknowns in perihelion shift.
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14nakayama 2023/03/06 15:37
Selected Posts on Anti-Relativity (5)
◎ Doppler Effect of Light
Frequency of incoming light varies with the motion of an observer. In the formula c = fλ, it is clear that the speed of light (for the observer) cannot be constant.
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2023/03/06 15:37
Selected Posts on Anti-Relativity (5)
◎ Doppler Effect of Light
Frequency of incoming light varies with the motion of an observer. In the formula c = fλ, it is clear that the speed of light (for the observer) cannot be constant.
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13nakayama 2023/02/25 16:44
Selected Posts on Anti-Relatiyity (4)
◎ Speed of Light
For speed of light, the constant speed, and the formula c = fλ seem to be all. But is it really that simple?
A beam of light is propagating through aether. An observer is in uniform linear motion at various angles relative to this beam. The speed of the observer relative to aether also varies. Observer's motion can be accelerated motion, jerk motion, or curvilinear motion. Also, speed of light wave and light ray (photon) will generally be different.
No, to light, special treatment must not be given. Then, all must be simple.
◎ Aether
In outer space, frequency and wavelength of two stars light are being measured. Two stars are in opposite directions (antipodal point) on the celestial sphere, and the measurements are done simultaneously. The sum of the two values will be 2c or a constant close to 2c.
The above will show the motion of the observer relative to aether.
◎ Accelerated Motion and Aether
Accelerated motion will be absolute motion against aether. Accelerated motion and inertial force are two sides of the same coin. Gravity is not involved and is irrelevant.
That is, we are surrounded by aether.
◎ Acceleration and Non-Acceleration
The passenger car is accelerating uniformly to the right. In this car, a ray of light (frequency is constant) is emitted from the rear to the front. The number of light waves existing inside the car will be higher than when the car is stationary. That is, there will be apparent difference between non-acceleration and acceleration.
Ray of light is emitted from the ceiling of the passenger car downward. If the passenger car is accelerating, the ray draw a parabola. That is, there will be apparent difference between non-acceleration and acceleration.
◎ Local Inertial Frame
An elevator-like but homogeneous rectangular body is in free falling. Suppose this body consists of many local area of mass m. So, inertial force acting on each local area is mg. That is, local inertial frame will be impossible.
Gravity and inertial force are cancelled out partially or sometimes totally. But, it is action that cancelled out, not existence.
0pt
0pt
2023/02/25 16:44
Selected Posts on Anti-Relatiyity (4)
◎ Speed of Light
For speed of light, the constant speed, and the formula c = fλ seem to be all. But is it really that simple?
A beam of light is propagating through aether. An observer is in uniform linear motion at various angles relative to this beam. The speed of the observer relative to aether also varies. Observer's motion can be accelerated motion, jerk motion, or curvilinear motion. Also, speed of light wave and light ray (photon) will generally be different.
No, to light, special treatment must not be given. Then, all must be simple.
◎ Aether
In outer space, frequency and wavelength of two stars light are being measured. Two stars are in opposite directions (antipodal point) on the celestial sphere, and the measurements are done simultaneously. The sum of the two values will be 2c or a constant close to 2c.
The above will show the motion of the observer relative to aether.
◎ Accelerated Motion and Aether
Accelerated motion will be absolute motion against aether. Accelerated motion and inertial force are two sides of the same coin. Gravity is not involved and is irrelevant.
That is, we are surrounded by aether.
◎ Acceleration and Non-Acceleration
The passenger car is accelerating uniformly to the right. In this car, a ray of light (frequency is constant) is emitted from the rear to the front. The number of light waves existing inside the car will be higher than when the car is stationary. That is, there will be apparent difference between non-acceleration and acceleration.
Ray of light is emitted from the ceiling of the passenger car downward. If the passenger car is accelerating, the ray draw a parabola. That is, there will be apparent difference between non-acceleration and acceleration.
◎ Local Inertial Frame
An elevator-like but homogeneous rectangular body is in free falling. Suppose this body consists of many local area of mass m. So, inertial force acting on each local area is mg. That is, local inertial frame will be impossible.
Gravity and inertial force are cancelled out partially or sometimes totally. But, it is action that cancelled out, not existence.
0pt0pt
12nakayama 2023/02/25 16:40
Selected Posts on Anti-Relatiyity (4)
◎ Speed of Light
For speed of light, the constant speed, and the formula c = fλ seem to be all. But is it really that simple?
A beam of light is propagating through aether. An observer is in uniform linear motion at various angles relative to this beam. The speed of the observer relative to aether also varies. Observer's motion can be accelerated motion, jerk motion, or curvilinear motion. Also, speed of light wave and light ray (photon) will generally be different.
No, to light, special treatment must not be given. Then, all must be simple.
◎ Aether
In outer space, frequency and wavelength of two stars light are being measured. Two stars are in opposite directions (antipodal point) on the celestial sphere, and the measurements are done simultaneously. The sum of the two values will be 2c or a constant close to 2c.
The above will show the motion of the observer relative to aether.
◎ Accelerated Motion and Aether
Accelerated motion will be absolute motion against aether. Accelerated motion and inertial force are two sides of the same coin. Gravity is not involved and is irrelevant.
That is, we are surrounded by aether.
◎ Acceleration and Non-Acceleration
The passenger car is accelerating uniformly to the right. In this car, a ray of light (frequency is constant) is emitted from the rear to the front. The number of light waves existing inside the car will be higher than when the car is stationary. That is, there will be apparent difference between non-acceleration and acceleration.
Ray of light is emitted from the ceiling of the passenger car downward. If the passenger car is accelerating, the ray draw a parabola. That is, there will be apparent difference between non-acceleration and acceleration.
◎ Local Inertial Frame
An elevator-like but homogeneous rectangular body is in free falling. Suppose this body consists of many local area of mass m. So, inertial force acting on each local area is mg. That is, local inertial frame will be impossible.
Gravity and inertial force are cancelled out partially or sometimes totally. But, it is action that cancelled out, not existence.
0pt
0pt
2023/02/25 16:40
Selected Posts on Anti-Relatiyity (4)
◎ Speed of Light
For speed of light, the constant speed, and the formula c = fλ seem to be all. But is it really that simple?
A beam of light is propagating through aether. An observer is in uniform linear motion at various angles relative to this beam. The speed of the observer relative to aether also varies. Observer's motion can be accelerated motion, jerk motion, or curvilinear motion. Also, speed of light wave and light ray (photon) will generally be different.
No, to light, special treatment must not be given. Then, all must be simple.
◎ Aether
In outer space, frequency and wavelength of two stars light are being measured. Two stars are in opposite directions (antipodal point) on the celestial sphere, and the measurements are done simultaneously. The sum of the two values will be 2c or a constant close to 2c.
The above will show the motion of the observer relative to aether.
◎ Accelerated Motion and Aether
Accelerated motion will be absolute motion against aether. Accelerated motion and inertial force are two sides of the same coin. Gravity is not involved and is irrelevant.
That is, we are surrounded by aether.
◎ Acceleration and Non-Acceleration
The passenger car is accelerating uniformly to the right. In this car, a ray of light (frequency is constant) is emitted from the rear to the front. The number of light waves existing inside the car will be higher than when the car is stationary. That is, there will be apparent difference between non-acceleration and acceleration.
Ray of light is emitted from the ceiling of the passenger car downward. If the passenger car is accelerating, the ray draw a parabola. That is, there will be apparent difference between non-acceleration and acceleration.
◎ Local Inertial Frame
An elevator-like but homogeneous rectangular body is in free falling. Suppose this body consists of many local area of mass m. So, inertial force acting on each local area is mg. That is, local inertial frame will be impossible.
Gravity and inertial force are cancelled out partially or sometimes totally. But, it is action that cancelled out, not existence.
0pt0pt
11nakayama 2023/02/23 11:08
Selected Posts on Anti-Relativity (3)
◎ Light Clock
A light clock is working in a moving passenger car. In books or in other illustrations, light travels back and forth vertically, but this light clock slightly leans to the right or left. So, the zigzag (sawtooth) of light path seen by an observer on the ground warps. Two kinds of dilations ? And how about if two light clocks with different lean work ?
◎ Time Dilation
In outer space, a spaceship is sailing horizontally. Plane wave of light (wavelength is constant) of the first-magnitude star Sirius is coming from directly above. Phenomenon of time dilation can not be valid.
◎ Relativity of Simultaneity
On the Moon's surface, a passenger car is moving to the right. From the center of the ceiling of the car, light rays are emitted to directly below and diagonally downward to left and right at 45 degrees. And three points of light are reflected on the floor. Three points are symmetrical to observer on the Moon's surface also. Relativity of simultaneity will be invalid.
◎ Perihelion Shift of Mercury
The perihelion shift moves in one direction and its speed seems to be almost constant. Like the hands of a clock. Main cause of the shift seems not to be gravity of other planets. Main cause will be two-body problem of Mercury and Sun. Not as points, but as spheres.
0pt
0pt
2023/02/23 11:08
Selected Posts on Anti-Relativity (3)
◎ Light Clock
A light clock is working in a moving passenger car. In books or in other illustrations, light travels back and forth vertically, but this light clock slightly leans to the right or left. So, the zigzag (sawtooth) of light path seen by an observer on the ground warps. Two kinds of dilations ? And how about if two light clocks with different lean work ?
◎ Time Dilation
In outer space, a spaceship is sailing horizontally. Plane wave of light (wavelength is constant) of the first-magnitude star Sirius is coming from directly above. Phenomenon of time dilation can not be valid.
◎ Relativity of Simultaneity
On the Moon's surface, a passenger car is moving to the right. From the center of the ceiling of the car, light rays are emitted to directly below and diagonally downward to left and right at 45 degrees. And three points of light are reflected on the floor. Three points are symmetrical to observer on the Moon's surface also. Relativity of simultaneity will be invalid.
◎ Perihelion Shift of Mercury
The perihelion shift moves in one direction and its speed seems to be almost constant. Like the hands of a clock. Main cause of the shift seems not to be gravity of other planets. Main cause will be two-body problem of Mercury and Sun. Not as points, but as spheres.
0pt0pt
10nakayama 2023/02/23 10:11
Selected Posts on Anti-Relativity (3)
◎ Light Clock
A light clock is working in a moving passenger car. In books or in other illustrations, light travels back and forth vertically, but this light clock slightly leans to the right or left. So, the zigzag (sawtooth) of light path seen by an observer on the ground warps. Two kinds of dilations ? And how about if two light clocks with different lean work ?
◎ Time Dilation
In outer space, a spaceship is sailing horizontally. Plane wave of light (wavelength is constant) of the first-magnitude star Sirius is coming from directly above. Phenomenon of time dilation can not be valid.
◎ Relativity of Simultaneity
On the Moon's surface, a passenger car is moving to the right. From the center of the ceiling of the car, light rays are emitted to directly below and diagonally downward to left and right at 45 degrees. And three points of light are reflected on the floor. Three points are symmetrical to observer on the Moon's surface also. Relativity of simultaneity will be invalid.
◎ Perihelion Shift of Mercury
The perihelion shift moves in one direction and its speed seems to be almost constant. Like the hands of a clock. Main cause of the shift seems not to be gravity of other planets. Main cause will be two-body problem of Mercury and Sun. Not as points, but as spheres.
0pt
0pt
2023/02/23 10:11
Selected Posts on Anti-Relativity (3)
◎ Light Clock
A light clock is working in a moving passenger car. In books or in other illustrations, light travels back and forth vertically, but this light clock slightly leans to the right or left. So, the zigzag (sawtooth) of light path seen by an observer on the ground warps. Two kinds of dilations ? And how about if two light clocks with different lean work ?
◎ Time Dilation
In outer space, a spaceship is sailing horizontally. Plane wave of light (wavelength is constant) of the first-magnitude star Sirius is coming from directly above. Phenomenon of time dilation can not be valid.
◎ Relativity of Simultaneity
On the Moon's surface, a passenger car is moving to the right. From the center of the ceiling of the car, light rays are emitted to directly below and diagonally downward to left and right at 45 degrees. And three points of light are reflected on the floor. Three points are symmetrical to observer on the Moon's surface also. Relativity of simultaneity will be invalid.
◎ Perihelion Shift of Mercury
The perihelion shift moves in one direction and its speed seems to be almost constant. Like the hands of a clock. Main cause of the shift seems not to be gravity of other planets. Main cause will be two-body problem of Mercury and Sun. Not as points, but as spheres.
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