Selected Posts on Anti-Relativity - 物理の勉強掲示板
Selected Posts on Anti-Relativity
0nakayama
2023/02/18 09:14 4076view
Michelson-Morley Experiment
It (done in air) is nonsense. In air, light is propagated at c/n. So, the result of M-M experiment (done in air) is only natural.
In a book "Theory of Relativity" by Pauli, W 1958, it's written as follows (quoted from English version ; in 1-6). "Rather should one say that for an observer moving with medium, light is propagated as usual with velocity c/n in all directions".
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16中山 2023/03/29 10:27
Selected Post on Anti-Relativity (7)
◎ Perihelion Shift of Mercury (problem posing)
I said earlier that this story should start from aphelion, not perihelion. Yes, size of Mercury will increase centrifugal force and will rotate the orbit of Mercury in the direction of revolution. It will also increase size of orbit and increase momentum of Mercury.
Moon is said to be receding away from Earth. Although it is on order of a few centimeters per year. There are not a few sites on web. Many of them say that reason is slowing down of rotation of Earth. And total angular momentum of Earth and Moon must be conserved. But is relationship between Earth and Moon still the same today ? I guess what I said in the first half of this post applies to Moon as well.
Note: Said only qualitatively.
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2023/03/29 10:27
Selected Post on Anti-Relativity (7)
◎ Perihelion Shift of Mercury (problem posing)
I said earlier that this story should start from aphelion, not perihelion. Yes, size of Mercury will increase centrifugal force and will rotate the orbit of Mercury in the direction of revolution. It will also increase size of orbit and increase momentum of Mercury.
Moon is said to be receding away from Earth. Although it is on order of a few centimeters per year. There are not a few sites on web. Many of them say that reason is slowing down of rotation of Earth. And total angular momentum of Earth and Moon must be conserved. But is relationship between Earth and Moon still the same today ? I guess what I said in the first half of this post applies to Moon as well.
Note: Said only qualitatively.
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17名前を書き忘れた受験生 2023/03/29 11:45
The Michelson-Morley experiment was actually performed in a vacuum, not in air. The experiment was designed to detect the hypothetical "ether wind" that was thought to exist in the 19th century as the medium through which light waves propagated. The experiment aimed to measure the difference in the speed of light in different directions, as the Earth moves through the ether.
However, the results of the experiment showed that there was no measurable difference in the speed of light in different directions, which was contrary to what was expected if the ether theory was correct. This was a significant result, as it provided evidence against the existence of the ether and paved the way for the development of the theory of special relativity.
Regarding your statement that "in air, light is propagated at c/n", this is not entirely accurate. The speed of light in a medium, such as air or water, is indeed slower than its speed in a vacuum, but it is not simply equal to c/n. The speed of light in a medium depends on several factors, including the refractive index of the medium, which determines the degree to which light is bent as it passes through the medium.
Finally, the quote from Pauli's book is not in conflict with the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment. The quote is referring to an observer moving with the medium, which is different from the motion of the Earth through the ether that the experiment was designed to detect. In the context of the experiment, the motion of the observer is not relevant, as the aim was to measure the speed of light relative to the ether.
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2023/03/29 11:45
The Michelson-Morley experiment was actually performed in a vacuum, not in air. The experiment was designed to detect the hypothetical "ether wind" that was thought to exist in the 19th century as the medium through which light waves propagated. The experiment aimed to measure the difference in the speed of light in different directions, as the Earth moves through the ether.
However, the results of the experiment showed that there was no measurable difference in the speed of light in different directions, which was contrary to what was expected if the ether theory was correct. This was a significant result, as it provided evidence against the existence of the ether and paved the way for the development of the theory of special relativity.
Regarding your statement that "in air, light is propagated at c/n", this is not entirely accurate. The speed of light in a medium, such as air or water, is indeed slower than its speed in a vacuum, but it is not simply equal to c/n. The speed of light in a medium depends on several factors, including the refractive index of the medium, which determines the degree to which light is bent as it passes through the medium.
Finally, the quote from Pauli's book is not in conflict with the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment. The quote is referring to an observer moving with the medium, which is different from the motion of the Earth through the ether that the experiment was designed to detect. In the context of the experiment, the motion of the observer is not relevant, as the aim was to measure the speed of light relative to the ether.
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18中山 2023/04/14 16:52
Perihelion Shift of Mercury (long axis)
Long axis of Mercury’s orbit is slowly rotating. That is, Mercury will follow an orbit outside its previous orbit after passing either perihelion or aphelion (for some extent). This is not so for perihelion in many figures.
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2023/04/14 16:52
Perihelion Shift of Mercury (long axis)
Long axis of Mercury’s orbit is slowly rotating. That is, Mercury will follow an orbit outside its previous orbit after passing either perihelion or aphelion (for some extent). This is not so for perihelion in many figures.
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19中山 2023/04/14 16:56
Perihelion Shift of Mercury (Labyrinth)
This problem could be discribed as a problem in which Mercury’s elliptical orbit rotates slightly in the direction of Mercury’s orbital motion. Like hands of a clock. Reason for rotation may be due to the fact that Mercury is not a point but a sphere that has a size (mass distribution). But beyond that, it is a labyrinth for me.
Is the reason for rotation lies in perihelion or in aphelion ? Or is it in neither ? And, if the reason lies in aphelion, is it due to addition of centrifugal force ? Or is it due to weakening of gravitational pull of Sun ?
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2023/04/14 16:56
Perihelion Shift of Mercury (Labyrinth)
This problem could be discribed as a problem in which Mercury’s elliptical orbit rotates slightly in the direction of Mercury’s orbital motion. Like hands of a clock. Reason for rotation may be due to the fact that Mercury is not a point but a sphere that has a size (mass distribution). But beyond that, it is a labyrinth for me.
Is the reason for rotation lies in perihelion or in aphelion ? Or is it in neither ? And, if the reason lies in aphelion, is it due to addition of centrifugal force ? Or is it due to weakening of gravitational pull of Sun ?
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20中山 2023/04/14 16:59
Equivalence principle (as an impression)
In laboratory experiment, inertial force is something that we can control. In a laboratory called thought experiment, we can control falling of an elevator cabin also. On the other hand, it seems that gravity is beyond our reach. In other words, inertial force and gravity will be different things.
Even outside laboratory (whether within our reach or not), inertial force and gravity may be different thing.
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2023/04/14 16:59
Equivalence principle (as an impression)
In laboratory experiment, inertial force is something that we can control. In a laboratory called thought experiment, we can control falling of an elevator cabin also. On the other hand, it seems that gravity is beyond our reach. In other words, inertial force and gravity will be different things.
Even outside laboratory (whether within our reach or not), inertial force and gravity may be different thing.
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21中山 2023/04/14 17:02
Equivalence Principle
Two bodies of the same mass m tied by a fairly long string are in free fall to Jupiter. Two bodeies are back and forth, and increasing tension of the string is informed to Earth. Inertial force and gravity are different things.
Comet Shoemaker-Levy, which fell to Jupiter in 1994. It was broken into at least 21 pieces in falling.
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2023/04/14 17:02
Equivalence Principle
Two bodies of the same mass m tied by a fairly long string are in free fall to Jupiter. Two bodeies are back and forth, and increasing tension of the string is informed to Earth. Inertial force and gravity are different things.
Comet Shoemaker-Levy, which fell to Jupiter in 1994. It was broken into at least 21 pieces in falling.
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22中山 2023/04/15 09:03
To 17,
There is a word "extinction" in a book Special Relativity by French, A.P. 1968. It's written as follows (original text ; quoted from "Google book" ; in 5-2). "Thus, for example, with visible light, a thickness of about 10-5cm of glass or 0.1mm of air at atmospheric pressure is almost enough to erase any possible memory, as it were, of the motion of the original source" (10-5cm is 0.0001mm). What ?? Light speed will be equalized in medium !
【Extinction : Michelson-Morley experiment (done in air) is nonsense 】 Above passage says that 0.1mm of air is enough to extinction.
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2023/04/15 09:03
To 17,
There is a word "extinction" in a book Special Relativity by French, A.P. 1968. It's written as follows (original text ; quoted from "Google book" ; in 5-2). "Thus, for example, with visible light, a thickness of about 10-5cm of glass or 0.1mm of air at atmospheric pressure is almost enough to erase any possible memory, as it were, of the motion of the original source" (10-5cm is 0.0001mm). What ?? Light speed will be equalized in medium !
【Extinction : Michelson-Morley experiment (done in air) is nonsense 】 Above passage says that 0.1mm of air is enough to extinction.
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23中山 2023/04/15 15:08
To 17,
Constancy of speed of light (Reexamination)
Constancy of speed of light is not possible always. No, it will be
possible limitedly in the following two events only. Btw, speed of
light in mediums is not subject of this reexamination.
1) A measurement point and a light source are stationary in the same
inertial frame. Distance between the two is within a few light
seconds. Speed of light is c.
2) A measurement point is stationary in aether frame. Light
propagated in aether is coming to this point. Distance from the
light source is more than a few light sveconds. Speed of light will
not be c.
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2023/04/15 15:08
To 17,
Constancy of speed of light (Reexamination)
Constancy of speed of light is not possible always. No, it will be
possible limitedly in the following two events only. Btw, speed of
light in mediums is not subject of this reexamination.
1) A measurement point and a light source are stationary in the same
inertial frame. Distance between the two is within a few light
seconds. Speed of light is c.
2) A measurement point is stationary in aether frame. Light
propagated in aether is coming to this point. Distance from the
light source is more than a few light sveconds. Speed of light will
not be c.
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24中山 2023/04/15 17:13
To 17,
Speed of Light
For speed of light, the constant speed, and the formula c = fλ seem to be all. But is it really so simple?
A beam of light is propagating through aether. An observer is in uniform linear motion at various angles relative to this beam. The speed of the observer relative to aether also varies. Observer’s motion can be accelerated motion, jerk motion, or curvilinear motion. Also, speed of light wave and light ray (photon) will generally be different.
No, to light, special treatment must not be given. Then, all must be simple.
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2023/04/15 17:13
To 17,
Speed of Light
For speed of light, the constant speed, and the formula c = fλ seem to be all. But is it really so simple?
A beam of light is propagating through aether. An observer is in uniform linear motion at various angles relative to this beam. The speed of the observer relative to aether also varies. Observer’s motion can be accelerated motion, jerk motion, or curvilinear motion. Also, speed of light wave and light ray (photon) will generally be different.
No, to light, special treatment must not be given. Then, all must be simple.
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25名前を書き忘れた受験生 2023/04/16 02:54
While the formula c = fλ provides a straightforward relationship between the speed of light, its frequency, and wavelength, the behavior of light can become more complex when it interacts with different materials and environments.
In particular, the concept of the aether as a medium through which light waves propagate has been largely discredited by experimental evidence, including the Michelson-Morley experiment. Instead, it is now widely accepted that light waves can travel through a vacuum without requiring a medium.
When an observer moves relative to a light source, they will measure a different speed of light than an observer who is stationary relative to the source. This is due to the relativistic effects of time dilation and length contraction, which are described by the theory of special relativity.
Moreover, the behavior of light can be affected by gravitational fields, leading to phenomena such as gravitational lensing. In addition, the wave-particle duality of light means that it can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior, depending on the context in which it is observed.
While the basic principles governing the behavior of light can be summarized by simple equations, the full range of phenomena exhibited by light can be quite complex and fascinating.
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2023/04/16 02:54
While the formula c = fλ provides a straightforward relationship between the speed of light, its frequency, and wavelength, the behavior of light can become more complex when it interacts with different materials and environments.
In particular, the concept of the aether as a medium through which light waves propagate has been largely discredited by experimental evidence, including the Michelson-Morley experiment. Instead, it is now widely accepted that light waves can travel through a vacuum without requiring a medium.
When an observer moves relative to a light source, they will measure a different speed of light than an observer who is stationary relative to the source. This is due to the relativistic effects of time dilation and length contraction, which are described by the theory of special relativity.
Moreover, the behavior of light can be affected by gravitational fields, leading to phenomena such as gravitational lensing. In addition, the wave-particle duality of light means that it can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior, depending on the context in which it is observed.
While the basic principles governing the behavior of light can be summarized by simple equations, the full range of phenomena exhibited by light can be quite complex and fascinating.
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26中山 2023/04/16 08:59
To 25,
Light is Propagated in Two Ways
In outer space, a starlight is reflected by a mirror. There is a formula c = f λ. Now, the mirror is stationary. In comparing of incident light and reflected light, f is the same. And usually, c & λ are different.
Now, the mirror moves in the direction of the light path of incident light. In the formula on incident light, λ is constant. And c & f will be variables. And in the formula on reflected light, c is constant. And f & λ will be variables.
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2023/04/16 08:59
To 25,
Light is Propagated in Two Ways
In outer space, a starlight is reflected by a mirror. There is a formula c = f λ. Now, the mirror is stationary. In comparing of incident light and reflected light, f is the same. And usually, c & λ are different.
Now, the mirror moves in the direction of the light path of incident light. In the formula on incident light, λ is constant. And c & f will be variables. And in the formula on reflected light, c is constant. And f & λ will be variables.
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27中山 2023/04/16 12:01
To 25,
Speed of Light
When an observer moves relative to aether, they will measure a different speed of light than an observer who is stationary relative to aether.
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2023/04/16 12:01
To 25,
Speed of Light
When an observer moves relative to aether, they will measure a different speed of light than an observer who is stationary relative to aether.
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28中山 2023/04/16 12:09
To 25,
Aberration shows aether
Aberration is caused by various motions of Earth relative to stationary aether (uniform isotropic). Light that enters upper air of Earth (from aether) is bent in the direction of motion of Earth. As a phenomenon, aberration is completed in the upper air. The same as refraction.
Therefore, illustration of raindrops and an umbrella is NG. Result of Airy’s experiment with a water-filled telescope is only natural. It is said that apparent displacement of stars is displaced in the direction of Earth’s motion, but in fact, it will be the opposite. You can check this by drawing light bending (in upper air) on a paper.
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2023/04/16 12:09
To 25,
Aberration shows aether
Aberration is caused by various motions of Earth relative to stationary aether (uniform isotropic). Light that enters upper air of Earth (from aether) is bent in the direction of motion of Earth. As a phenomenon, aberration is completed in the upper air. The same as refraction.
Therefore, illustration of raindrops and an umbrella is NG. Result of Airy’s experiment with a water-filled telescope is only natural. It is said that apparent displacement of stars is displaced in the direction of Earth’s motion, but in fact, it will be the opposite. You can check this by drawing light bending (in upper air) on a paper.
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29中山 2023/04/16 12:09
To 25,
Aberration shows aether
Aberration is caused by various motions of Earth relative to stationary aether (uniform isotropic). Light that enters upper air of Earth (from aether) is bent in the direction of motion of Earth. As a phenomenon, aberration is completed in the upper air. The same as refraction.
Therefore, illustration of raindrops and an umbrella is NG. Result of Airy’s experiment with a water-filled telescope is only natural. It is said that apparent displacement of stars is displaced in the direction of Earth’s motion, but in fact, it will be the opposite. You can check this by drawing light bending (in upper air) on a paper.
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2023/04/16 12:09
To 25,
Aberration shows aether
Aberration is caused by various motions of Earth relative to stationary aether (uniform isotropic). Light that enters upper air of Earth (from aether) is bent in the direction of motion of Earth. As a phenomenon, aberration is completed in the upper air. The same as refraction.
Therefore, illustration of raindrops and an umbrella is NG. Result of Airy’s experiment with a water-filled telescope is only natural. It is said that apparent displacement of stars is displaced in the direction of Earth’s motion, but in fact, it will be the opposite. You can check this by drawing light bending (in upper air) on a paper.
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30中山 2023/04/16 12:15
To 25,
Aether
In outer space, frequency and wavelength of two stars light are being measured. Two stars are in opposite directions (antipodal point) on the celestial sphere, and the measurements are done simultaneously. The sum of the two values will be 2c or a constant close to 2c.
The above will show the motion of the observer relative to aether.
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2023/04/16 12:15
To 25,
Aether
In outer space, frequency and wavelength of two stars light are being measured. Two stars are in opposite directions (antipodal point) on the celestial sphere, and the measurements are done simultaneously. The sum of the two values will be 2c or a constant close to 2c.
The above will show the motion of the observer relative to aether.
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31中山 2023/04/16 16:19
To 25,
Constancy of Speed of Light
As to constancy of speed of light, case 1) in the post 23 is the only case we know. About case 2), we do not even admit existence of aether.
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2023/04/16 16:19
To 25,
Constancy of Speed of Light
As to constancy of speed of light, case 1) in the post 23 is the only case we know. About case 2), we do not even admit existence of aether.
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32中山 2023/04/23 11:00
Color Difference in Visible Light
Difference in colors of visible light are said to be due to difference in wavelength. But frequency is also different. Why is it wavelength and not frequency ? I have no recollection seeing an explanation on it.
A light beam (monochromatic laser) is emitted from a light source into water and air. Frequency in both media is the same, but wavelength is different. What is color development of color film exposed in both media ?
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2023/04/23 11:00
Color Difference in Visible Light
Difference in colors of visible light are said to be due to difference in wavelength. But frequency is also different. Why is it wavelength and not frequency ? I have no recollection seeing an explanation on it.
A light beam (monochromatic laser) is emitted from a light source into water and air. Frequency in both media is the same, but wavelength is different. What is color development of color film exposed in both media ?
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34中山 2023/04/24 14:21
To 33, Thank you for your reply about aether.
What causes aberration ? Core must be the position of light source on the celestial sphere. Fixed star's motion (also relative to Earth) is irrelevant. At all.
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2023/04/24 14:21
To 33, Thank you for your reply about aether.
What causes aberration ? Core must be the position of light source on the celestial sphere. Fixed star's motion (also relative to Earth) is irrelevant. At all.
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39中山 2023/05/05 08:59
Pinhole Camera
In outer space, a starlight is coming from the right. This ray enters the pinhole of a pinhole camera and is reflected upward by a mirror set at 45 degrees upwards in the camera.
When the camera moves to the right or left (at a uniform speed), the position where reflected light hits the upper inner wall of the camera will move. Incident light is propagated in aether, and reflected light follows emission theory.
Note: c of lincident light and rleflected light relative to the mirror are generally different. So, angle of the two are also. λ are also).
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2023/05/05 08:59
Pinhole Camera
In outer space, a starlight is coming from the right. This ray enters the pinhole of a pinhole camera and is reflected upward by a mirror set at 45 degrees upwards in the camera.
When the camera moves to the right or left (at a uniform speed), the position where reflected light hits the upper inner wall of the camera will move. Incident light is propagated in aether, and reflected light follows emission theory.
Note: c of lincident light and rleflected light relative to the mirror are generally different. So, angle of the two are also. λ are also).
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40中山 2023/05/06 12:49
Gravity (gravitational field) and Time
There is optical path of triangle *ABC with top A of tall tower and mirror BC placed on the ground (as vertices). Laser light emitted from light source set at A (frequency is constant) is reflected by BC and returns to A. Frequencies of laser light at ABC will be the same. There will be no time dilation due to gravity.
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2023/05/06 12:49
Gravity (gravitational field) and Time
There is optical path of triangle *ABC with top A of tall tower and mirror BC placed on the ground (as vertices). Laser light emitted from light source set at A (frequency is constant) is reflected by BC and returns to A. Frequencies of laser light at ABC will be the same. There will be no time dilation due to gravity.
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41中山 2023/05/13 17:02
About Propagation of Light
Compare propagation of light with propagation of sound waves. Neither time nor space will require any transformation in our understanding of propagation of sound waves (in air or other medium). In this respect, there will be no difference between propagation of light and propagation of sound waves (if we accept aether as medium for light propagation).
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2023/05/13 17:02
About Propagation of Light
Compare propagation of light with propagation of sound waves. Neither time nor space will require any transformation in our understanding of propagation of sound waves (in air or other medium). In this respect, there will be no difference between propagation of light and propagation of sound waves (if we accept aether as medium for light propagation).
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42中山 2023/05/13 17:13
Speed of Light is Various other
Plane waves of Sunlight are arriving horizontally from above to two passenger cars on Moon's surface. There is a small pinhole at the center of ceiling of two passenger cars, and on the floor, there is a spot of light that passed through pinhole.
The two passenger cars are moving on the Moon's surface at different speeds (in x direction). For an observer inside the passenger car, position of light spot on the floor will be different. This difference in position will be the same for an observer stands on the Moon's surface.
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2023/05/13 17:13
Speed of Light is Various other
Plane waves of Sunlight are arriving horizontally from above to two passenger cars on Moon's surface. There is a small pinhole at the center of ceiling of two passenger cars, and on the floor, there is a spot of light that passed through pinhole.
The two passenger cars are moving on the Moon's surface at different speeds (in x direction). For an observer inside the passenger car, position of light spot on the floor will be different. This difference in position will be the same for an observer stands on the Moon's surface.
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43中山 2023/05/17 08:29
Two Formulas for Speed of Light (in vacuum)
First formula, v=fλ: It is speed of light relative to aether, and v is constant. Area is where light follows aether frame. That is, more than a few light seconds away from light source.
Second formula, c=fλ; It is speed of light relative to light source, and c is constant. Area is where light follows emission theory. That is, within a few light seconds from light source.
Note) First formula is the same as formula for the speed of sound in air (depending on f and λ).
Note) In outer space, a starlight is passing through a tube. In the center of the tube, a plate of glass is placed. In front of the glass, the starlight follows aether frame, and in back of it, starlight follows emission theory.
Note) A starlight is moving in aether. It is possible that v and c move at the same speed. Usually, v will be below c.
Note) For a moving observer, speed of light must be reconsidered (starting with the Doppler effect).
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2023/05/17 08:29
Two Formulas for Speed of Light (in vacuum)
First formula, v=fλ: It is speed of light relative to aether, and v is constant. Area is where light follows aether frame. That is, more than a few light seconds away from light source.
Second formula, c=fλ; It is speed of light relative to light source, and c is constant. Area is where light follows emission theory. That is, within a few light seconds from light source.
Note) First formula is the same as formula for the speed of sound in air (depending on f and λ).
Note) In outer space, a starlight is passing through a tube. In the center of the tube, a plate of glass is placed. In front of the glass, the starlight follows aether frame, and in back of it, starlight follows emission theory.
Note) A starlight is moving in aether. It is possible that v and c move at the same speed. Usually, v will be below c.
Note) For a moving observer, speed of light must be reconsidered (starting with the Doppler effect).
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44中山 2023/05/17 12:26
Correction (on today’s post : on the third note)
A starlight > A light source
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2023/05/17 12:26
Correction (on today’s post : on the third note)
A starlight > A light source
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45中山 2023/05/19 11:54
Local Inertial Frame (again)
Every mass point is either in an inertial (unaccelerated) frame or accelerated frame. If a rigid homogeneous cuboid is in free-falling, every mass point is in accelerated frame. In this cuboid, there can be no inertial frame, even locally.
P.S. This difference is not fictitious but absolute.
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2023/05/19 11:54
Local Inertial Frame (again)
Every mass point is either in an inertial (unaccelerated) frame or accelerated frame. If a rigid homogeneous cuboid is in free-falling, every mass point is in accelerated frame. In this cuboid, there can be no inertial frame, even locally.
P.S. This difference is not fictitious but absolute.
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46名前を書き忘れた受験生 2023/05/29 09:28
If the two passenger cars on the Moon's surface are moving at different speeds in the x-direction, the position of the light spot on the floor, as observed from within each car or by an observer on the Moon's surface, will indeed be different. This is due to the relative motion between the cars and the source of light (Sunlight in this case).
When the cars are moving at different speeds, the time it takes for the light to travel from the pinhole to the floor will be different for each car. As a result, the light spot on the floor will appear to be displaced horizontally, relative to a stationary reference point, such as the position it would have if the cars were not in motion.
This phenomenon can be explained by the principles of classical physics and does not require invoking any variations in the speed of light itself. The speed of light in a vacuum, as described by the constant "c" in the equation c = fλ, remains constant regardless of the relative motion between the source of light and an observer.
It's worth noting that in the context of special relativity, there are relativistic effects such as time dilation and length contraction that can come into play when considering the motion of observers and the propagation of light. However, for the scenario you described, the observed difference in the position of the light spot can be explained by classical physics without the need for considering such relativistic effects.
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2023/05/29 09:28
If the two passenger cars on the Moon's surface are moving at different speeds in the x-direction, the position of the light spot on the floor, as observed from within each car or by an observer on the Moon's surface, will indeed be different. This is due to the relative motion between the cars and the source of light (Sunlight in this case).
When the cars are moving at different speeds, the time it takes for the light to travel from the pinhole to the floor will be different for each car. As a result, the light spot on the floor will appear to be displaced horizontally, relative to a stationary reference point, such as the position it would have if the cars were not in motion.
This phenomenon can be explained by the principles of classical physics and does not require invoking any variations in the speed of light itself. The speed of light in a vacuum, as described by the constant "c" in the equation c = fλ, remains constant regardless of the relative motion between the source of light and an observer.
It's worth noting that in the context of special relativity, there are relativistic effects such as time dilation and length contraction that can come into play when considering the motion of observers and the propagation of light. However, for the scenario you described, the observed difference in the position of the light spot can be explained by classical physics without the need for considering such relativistic effects.
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48中山 2023/05/30 14:22
To 46, About latter part of your post, how about the scenario as follows ?
On the moon's surface, a passenger car is moving (in x direction). From a light source placed on the center of ceiling, light rays are emitted radially and symmetrically (in ten degrees increments). And on the floor, spots of light are reflected.
To an observer standing on the moon's surface, speed of light must not be constant.
5pt
0pt
2023/05/30 14:22
To 46, About latter part of your post, how about the scenario as follows ?
On the moon's surface, a passenger car is moving (in x direction). From a light source placed on the center of ceiling, light rays are emitted radially and symmetrically (in ten degrees increments). And on the floor, spots of light are reflected.
To an observer standing on the moon's surface, speed of light must not be constant.
5pt0pt
49中山 2023/06/05 15:34
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things
1) For inertial force, space is homogeneous isotropic. Gravity is not.
2) For inertial force, every position in space is the same. Gravity is not.
9pt
0pt
2023/06/05 15:34
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things
1) For inertial force, space is homogeneous isotropic. Gravity is not.
2) For inertial force, every position in space is the same. Gravity is not.
9pt0pt
52中山 2023/06/18 12:58
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things (rewritten)
◎ Inertia Force
1) Between inertial force and motion of a mass point in space, there will be direct connection.
2) Position in space has no meaning. Space is homogeneous isotropic.
3) Absolute space is required.
◎ Gravity
1) Between gravity and motion of a mass point in space, there will be no direct connection.
2) Position in space has meaning. As a gravitational field. Space is not homogeneous isotropic.
3) Absolute space is not required.
5pt
0pt
2023/06/18 12:58
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things (rewritten)
◎ Inertia Force
1) Between inertial force and motion of a mass point in space, there will be direct connection.
2) Position in space has no meaning. Space is homogeneous isotropic.
3) Absolute space is required.
◎ Gravity
1) Between gravity and motion of a mass point in space, there will be no direct connection.
2) Position in space has meaning. As a gravitational field. Space is not homogeneous isotropic.
3) Absolute space is not required.
5pt0pt
53中山 2023/06/22 15:18
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things (additional)
It is argued that inertial force and gravity are equivalent. However, in light of the followings, the two will not be equivalent. Even if vectors as action cancel each other out, vectors as existence do not disappear. Qualitatively, quantitatively. These are composition and decomposition of forces.
◎ Inertial force corresponds to accelerated motion of a mass point in homogeneous isotropic space.
◎ Gravity corresponds to position of a mass potint in space modified by gravitational fields.
3pt
0pt
2023/06/22 15:18
Inertial Force and Gravity are Different Things (additional)
It is argued that inertial force and gravity are equivalent. However, in light of the followings, the two will not be equivalent. Even if vectors as action cancel each other out, vectors as existence do not disappear. Qualitatively, quantitatively. These are composition and decomposition of forces.
◎ Inertial force corresponds to accelerated motion of a mass point in homogeneous isotropic space.
◎ Gravity corresponds to position of a mass potint in space modified by gravitational fields.
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